Residential Energy Costs per Btu

Source: DOE

Natural gas is one of the cheapest forms of energy available to the residential consumer. In fact, natural gas has historically been much cheaper than electricity as a source of energy. The Department of Energy (DOE) estimates that in 2002, natural gas is the lowest cost conventional energy source available for residential use. According to the DOE natural gas costs less than 30 percent of the cost of electricity, per Btu (British thermal unit).

This not only holds for residential heating, but for other uses of energy around the home as well. According to the American Gas Association (AGA), a natural gas water heater could heat two bathtubs full of water for the same cost as it would take an electric water heater to heat only one bathtub full of water (AGA - PR-18 May 1, 2002).

Not only is natural gas cheap for the residential consumer, it also has a number of varied uses. The best known uses for natural gas around the home are natural gas heating and cooking. Cooking with a natural gas range or oven can provide many benefits, including easy temperature control, self ignition and self cleaning, as well as being approximately one-half the cost of cooking with an electric range. Many of the top chefs prefer natural gas ranges for their quick heating ability and temperature control. Gone are the days of temperamental natural gas ranges, the newer generations of natural gas ranges allow for some of the most efficient, economical, and versatile cooking appliances ever.

Installing Residential Natural Gas Distribution

Source: Duke Energy Gas Transmission Canada

Natural gas is one of the most popular fuels for residential heating. According to the AGA, 51 percent of heated homes in the U.S. (or 49.1 million households), used natural gas heating in 2000. This popularity is also shown through the high proportion of new homes built with natural gas heating. According to the U.S. Census Bureau in their report Characteristics of New Housing, 2003, 70 percent of single family homes completed in 2003 use natural gas heating, followed by 27 percent that use electric heat, and 2 percent that use heating oil. This represents the sixth consecutive year that natural gas has heated 70 percent of new homes. This is compared with 47 percent of new homes using natural gas in 1986. The number of homes heated with natural gas increased 16 percent between 1990 and 2000; 52% of all U.S. homes today are heated and/or cooled with natural gas. To learn more about recent trends in natural gas use, click here to view the Energy Information Administration's (EIA's) report, Natural Gas Markets: Recent Trends and Prospects for the Future, which outlines significant historical trends and their implications for the future of natural gas use.

Despite this massive increase in the proportion of homes using natural gas the actual volume of natural gas consumed has not increased to the same degree due to increased efficiency of natural gas appliances. Modern top of the line gas furnaces can achieve efficiencies of over 90 percent (meaning that only 10 percent of the energy contained in the natural gas is lost as waste heat). Even low-end natural gas furnaces achieve high efficiencies, around 78 percent.

A Residential Natural Gas Furnace - Efficiency with a Plain Exterior

Source: Federal Energy Management Program, DOE

In addition to heating homes, natural gas can also be used to help cool houses, through natural gas powered air conditioning. Natural gas air conditioning is nothing new, in fact, it provided most of the air conditioning requirements of the 1940's and 50's. However, due to new advancements in technology and efficiency, natural gas air conditioning is experiencing a resurgence in popularity. Although natural gas air conditioner units are initially more expensive than a comparable electric unit, they are considerably more efficient and require less maintenance. Modern residential air conditioner units use close to 30 percent less energy than in years past, and have an expected working life of 20 years with very little maintenance. For more information on various aspects of natural gas air conditioning, click here.

Natural gas appliances are also rising in popularity due to their efficiency and cost effectiveness. Although many gas powered appliances are initially more expensive than their electric counterparts, they are commonly much cheaper to operate, have a longer expected life, and require relatively low maintenance. Some examples of other natural gas appliances include space heaters, clothes dryers, pool and jacuzzi heaters, fireplaces, barbecues, garage heaters, and outdoor lights. All of these appliances offer a safe, efficient, and economical alternative to electricity or other fuel sources. Almost 70 percent of new homes use natural gas for space heating, meaning that a large portion of new homes already have the natural gas delivery infrastructure in place. The same natural gas pipes that supply gas to a furnace can be used to supply energy for all of the appliances listed above, making installation simple and easy.

Although natural gas has many uses, and can supply energy to a vast number of residential appliances, there are some energy requirements around the house which cannot be satisfied by natural gas. A television, or blender, or microwave, for instance, will likely never be powered directly by natural gas, but will instead require electricity. However, natural gas can still provide energy for these appliances at the home, by what is known as 'distributed generation'.

Distributed generation refers to using natural gas to generate electricity right on the doorstep. Natural gas fuel cells and microturbines both offer the residential consumer the capacity to disconnect from their local electric distributor, and generate just enough electricity to meet their needs. Although this technology is still in its infancy, it is very promising in being able to offer independent, reliable, efficient, environmentally friendly electricity for residential needs.

The very first natural gas fuel cell was installed in a house in Latham, New York, in July 1998. The system was plugged into the home's natural gas line as the fuel supply, and is now completely independent of any outside electricity. Because a significant amount of electricity is wasted when it is distributed through power lines from a central power plant to the home, on-site electric generation could lead to significantly higher energy efficiency, which translates to cost savings for the residential consumer.

For more information on fuel cells, click here.

For more information on natural gas and the generation of electricity, click here.

Natural gas is also a very environmentally friendly fuel, and is a great option for the environmentally conscious homeowner. To learn more about the environmental benefits of natural gas, click here.

For more information on residential energy consumption, including natural gas consumption, visit the EIA's Residential Energy Consumption Survey by clicking here.

For more information on residential natural gas consumption, including statistics and projections for the future, click here.

Now that residential natural gas use has been discussed, click here to learn about natural gas use in commercial settings!